In this section, we will investigate the meanings of the terms “civil services” and “information,” as well as the meanings of other words that are associated with these concepts, such as “data,” “facts,” “intelligence,” “advice,” “knowledge,” and “wisdom.” The meanings of each of these terms are distinct from one another, despite the fact that they are often used in a manner that is anonymous. The following are some of the explanations that are provided, along with examples, with a particular focus on library and information science. Information is produced as a result of all human endeavors and accomplishments; people and business entities alike are engaged in the production of information for a variety of reasons all over the world. Activities like as research and development, for example, result in the production of new information, which, in turn, serves as a foundation for the production of further information. There are several organizations that have been given the responsibility of collecting and arranging statistical data via the use of surveys and census techniques. Every state, with its administrative, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as its corporate and industrial sectors, creates a tremendous quantity of information and makes a significant contribution to the expansion of the information. As part of this unit, we will also investigate the reasons for the generation of information. The explanation for this can be found by considering the typical information requirements of a diverse range of individuals, including but not limited to students, teachers, medical and legal practitioners, engineers, technologists, business managers, industrialists, government officials, legislators, research workers, and other specialized groups. Computers are going to be used for the purpose of managing such a large mass of information and for the purpose of quickly retrieving the items that are desired from it. You may frequently hear or read about the “explosion of information” or the “exponential growth of information” in newspapers and other popular magazines. We speak about the “growth” or “explosion” because we see enormous bookstores, libraries, and newsstands all around us, as well as a vast variety of publications, including books, journals, newspapers, and news magazines. All of the material that has been discussed extensively is documented in these publications. The word “information” is employed in a highly disorganized manner. Since this is the case, it is essential to have a more exact understanding of its meaning within the framework of library and information science. “An solitary fact, statistic, or a piece of information or a collection or a body of facts, statistics, or the like” is what is meant by the phrase “data,” which is the plural version of the word “datum.” Accordingly, data may be characterized as discrete and disorganized chunks of information respectively. The transformation of data into information occurs when the data are processed, evaluated, and presented in a manner that is ordered or logical in order to promote a better understanding of the subject matter or problem that is being discussed. In other words, data transform into information when they are processed and presented in a manner that creates a context that is understandable.
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